Choosing Fate Over Destiny in Othello and the Epic of...

I have read, understand, and am in compliance with the Academic Honesty policy. In particular, I have not committed any kind of plagiarism. There are no un-attributed direct or indirect quotations or paraphrases from printed materials, websites, other students papers, or any other sources in my essay. By enrolling in this course, students give permission for their essays to be submitted to and analyzed by Turnitin.com, a service employed by the University to identify and document plagiarism in order to ensure academic honesty. Choosing Fate Over Destiny Inside the story of Othello and the Epic of Gilgamesh, the leading characters fought with concept of handling fate and destiny. Destiny is a predestined sequence of events believed to be a tempting authority. The anticipated outcome of normal development is Fate. Rulers of their times were regularly entertained and awarded with anything their heart’s desired. They had the authority to merely direct their ranks of power to get what they pleased when troubles and disputes arose. Gilgamesh and Othello wrestled the idea of what they were ordained to experience and believed by changing their fate they possibly will change their destiny. Othello commanded his fate in multiple sets of circumstances. Othello’s initial commanded fate occurred when he took Desdemona from her father, Brabantio, to marry her. Instead of doing what was expected of him to Brabantio, Othello, who was General of Brabantio’s army at the time,

Reconstruction after the civil war Free Essays

After much trial and tribulation that our exasperated country has faced, we all still gather here today in order to follow a long tradition of George Washington, a founding father and cherished president who gave and set precedent to all the new leaders who soon will follow the same path of presidency. A path followed by great accomplishments of the Grant administration, has helped to set a rolling future for the united States and now we will Improve upon the Grant administration using It as a stepping stone to once again unite the country. Now that the sure wind of war thin our country has prevailed we must continue to rebuild upon the accomplishments of the Grant Administration. We will write a custom essay sample on Reconstruction after the civil war or any similar topic only for you Order Now We must rebuild within our trust with other human beings and rebuild within the large battered roads of this nation. Though much has been done in the last presidency, there is still ton more to accomplish. Likewise the efforts of before have helped me gain a foot on the task to better our united nation. Looking back the last few years, already have we recovered from the tribulation of Civil War. We have started the healing process between the different races that were pitted against each other but now stand as brothers. The recent Call Rights Acts and the passing of the 1 5th Amendment have helped to guarantee and ensure the equal Civil Rights that all men will share and all able to be comprised under the glorious Constitution. Yet throughout the years we have also placed ourselves in the continued process of reconstruction in which we have rid the terrors of extremists groups but also have accomplished the first steps of reunion with the Southern states. Likewise, these efforts to heal the previous tension have been done to almost a full recovery. Many former rebels have been pardoned and owe the first steps to a unified country have put under way by the removal of many federal soldiers. The vanquishing of the post war tensions has been successful but now we must continue and move forward. The reality is that all races much make the effort to live harmoniously with sympathy and empathy through the eyes of each individual. And through the government will the Constitutional rights of all men be upheld as shall the eradication of prejudice of others In order to keep this nation prosperous. In order to end the final lasting tensions of this era, we will make sure to eve the well waited autonomy of the last few southern states. We will make sure to relieve them of the pressure that federal troops have brought in the states of Louisiana and South Carolina. Through this progress we must also put in an investment to Americas’ future in education. With support of the government it will be a priority to make sure education is available to everyone, for with this we can move forward and develop a bright future through the youth at the moment. Universal education and improvements in the intellectual and moral conductivity is the root to all prosperity. The interest to better society Is In equality of both colored and white people, for the perseverance of everyone Is needed to make these new Improvements In equality and education. Again we have been In depression within our manufacturing and commercial Industries. For sure this will come to an end. In need we must comply that a papered currency Is unreliable and accustomed to fluctuate. Likewise the best way to back this is with a coin based currency where that I will keep as my honored predecessor, President Grant, who made sure to preserve the peace between us and foreign powers. If those countries that require aid need it, without disposition we will help in a peaceful and honorable way so we can create mutual understandings to the entire world[K] . Grieving once again to bring forward this nation I ask all of you: Farmers, lawyers, doctors, politicians, judges, and citizens to Join me in this movement to restore our country to the divine rights that we all share. To help in earnest efforts to rekindle the unity we all share in order for every man no matter color to achieve the pursuit of happiness and without fail grasp the happiness that we all will share together. How to cite Reconstruction after the civil war, Papers

International Business Transaction and Law-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInternational Business Transaction and Law for LT Bank. Answer: It is apparent from the case that LT Bank was negligent in its actions as the bank had already known the financial position of AAT and yet went ahead to issue a letter of credit that indicated the AAT was able to pay for the shipment and yet AAT was in a precarious financial position. According to International business transaction law, a carrier cannot deliver goods in the conditions which are not in the provisions of the bill of lading (Chow, 2015). By offering a letter of credit to AAT, the bank put itself in a situation in which compromised its ability to get payment from the AAT for the goods that were delivered. More so, the goods were not in the condition stipulated in the bill of lading (Pubali Bank v. City Nat'l Bank). When GEC realized that it could not deliver the goods according to the bill of lading, LT bank should not have offered to honor the letter of credit. It should have revoked it since the AAT was not in a financial position to honor the letter of credit. This was subject to what the bank knew about ATTs financial position. Delivery of the pressurized rice-cookers against the provision of the bill of lading makes the bank and the carrier responsible for the financial or tort liability caused by the contract. Even though a carrier is entrusted to deliver goods according to the provision of the bill of lading, it is evident that when a bank offers a letter of credit, it was guaranteeing that payment will be made by the AAT (Chow, 2015). In this scenario, the bank was well aware of the financial position of the AAT and the therefore the commitment to offer a letter of credit to the AAT meant the bank was ill-informed about the consequences of the deal if the company that was buying the shipment became bankrupt, as the bank had initially realized (Pubali Bank v. City Nat'l Bank). The tort of liability, in this case, is to the bank and the carrier. Since a contract for the sale of goods had been struck by the GEC, an Australian manufacturer and the AAT, and the bank committed to honor the letter of credit, i t is apparent that the bank has the responsibility of meeting the obligations under the maritime international business transaction and the law of ensuring the letter of credit is honored (Chow, 2015). After that, the bank will have to seek legal redress in an international court or national court to seek compensation from the carrier so that it is paid damages if the case is successful. In this case, the bank is in a quagmire since the non-performance of the contract by the carrier is not part of the contractual relationship with the AAT and the letter of the credit contract. This implies the bank should meet its financial obligation to the GEC, an Australian manufacturer and then look for legal means for being paid damages by the carrier (Chow, 2015). Under the maritime international business transaction law, non-performance of a contract is not something that is rare. Since the documents that were presented by beneficiary complied with the provisions of the international business transaction and the law of contract, according to international standards, it evident the bank's defenses for failing to honor the letter of credit may be futile. The letter of credit came into existence international business transaction law as a way of making sure the issuer has the duty to pay the beneficiary independently as long as the documents that were used to make the bank offer the letter of credit was valid (Chow, 2015). In this case, the banks liability is to pay the GEC since, as a matter of principle the letter of credit holds that once goods are delivered the buyer, the seller who is the beneficiary should be paid by the bank. The independence principle between the AAT, GEC, and the issuer of the letter of credit is what makes the bank have the liability to honor the letter of credit. The letter of credit was also put in place to protect GEC, the Australian manufacturer from the AATs insolvency and as such since the bank knew that the buyer was not in a good financial position, the bank should not have issued the letter of credit (Harris Corp. v. National Iranian Radio Television). The Australian manufacturer, in this case, is a prospective litigator in the case, and the bank will have to pay for the shipping of the pressurized rice-cookers as long as the goods were delivered with a valid bill of lading. Even though the letter of credit is aimed at cushioning the GEC from fraud and insolvency of the AAT, the issuer, in this case, the bank has the bulk of liability to pay the GEC, the Australian manufacturer for the delivery of pressurized rice-cookers. The banks position, in this case, is to look for reimbursement from the AAT and the carrier for failure to meet the obligations set forth in the international business transaction the law of delivering goods according to the bill of lading (Chow, 2015). The manufacturer s duty to deliver the shipment was confirmed by the documents that were given to the bank, and as such since the bank was satisfied by AAT, the letter of credit is what will cushion GEC and ensure the bank meets the financial obligations to the GEC. It should be noted that the LT bank, in this case, will pay the GEC and ask for reimbursement from AAT through a legal process that is defended by the Uniform Union Code. By honoring the letter of credit, the bank will not have breached its duty to the GEC, but it will have to seek for reimbursement since the buyer acted in bad faith and did not offer good reasons why they may be insolvent and not able to meet the obligations of the carrier (DiMatteo, 2016). A bank is required to comply with the requirements on the face of the letter of credit, and in this case, LT Bank has no option to but pay the GEC for the delivery of the goods whether the goods were in good condition or not. The banks tort liability to pay the letter of credit is based on the fact that it accepted documents that may have been forged since the documents that made it issue the letter of credit did not show the correct financial position of the AAT (DiMatteo, 2016). The bank also had information about the buyers financial status which was dwindling, and in a such a case it should not have issued the letter of credit. As the issuing and confirming bank in the case, LT Bank is liable to make sure the GEC, the Australian manufacturer is paid for the delivery of the goods and after that bring an international business transaction lawsuit to the AAT and the carrier (Harris Corp. v. National Iranian Radio Television). As the issuing and confirming bank for the letter of credit, the bank should have made sure it understands the financial position of the AAT before issuing the letter of credit (DiMatteo, 2016). The confirming bank, in this case, deals directly with the beneficiary and is therefore in an excellent position to know the financial status of the beneficiary and should have advised LT Bank the whether the beneficiary can meet their obligations as outlined in the letter of credit. The bank, in this case, was a guarantor to the AAT, and as such, failure to meet its obligations as set for them in the letter of credit amounts to a breach of contract. This means that it will be liable for damages when sued by the GEC for failing to meet the obligations outlined in the letter of credit (Dann, 2008). Despite its concerns about AATs financial situation, LT Bank issued the letter of credit, something that makes the bank have full responsibility to pay the GEC, once the goods were delivered. As it relates to the carrier, they can also be sued by the bank for wrongful delivery of the goods according to the bill of lading. The bank can argue in this case the carrier is liable to pay financial damages incurred by the bank for the failure of delivering the goods in the right state. The carrier can be sued for failing to meet the contractual obligations relating to the duty of care when they delivered goods that were rendered useless by the AAT. In the international business transaction lawsuit to the carrier, the bank will argue that the carrier failed in the responsibility to ensure the goods reached the buyer in excellent condition. According to the international business transaction law on the transit of goods by ship, the carrier can have a concurrent liability with the buyer in cases where the goods delivered did not meet the standards established in the bill of adding. The scenario makes the carrier culpable for delivering pressurized rice-cookers in lousy condition, something that led to financial obligations to the bank. The carrier of the goods was conversant with the provisions of the bill of landing. The carrier in total disregard of the provisions, however, went ahead to dishonor the conditions set in the bill of landing and other documentation. The bill of landing together with other documentations outlined the role of the carrier which was to deliver goods to AAT in good condition. References Chow, C., K., D. (2015) International Business Transactions: Problems, Cases, and Materials. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Dann, F., D. (2008) Confirming Bank Liability in Letter of Credit Transactions: Whose Bank Is Anyway. Fordham Law Review, 51 (6), 12-19 DiMatteo, A., L. (2016) International Business Law and the Legal Environment: A Transactional Approach. London: SAGE. Harris Corp. v. National Iranian Radio Television, 691 F.2d 1344, 1346 (11 the Cir. 1982) Pubali Bank v. City Nat'l Bank, 676 F.2d 1326, 1329-30 (9th Cir. 1982)

This Boys Life by Tobbias Wolff Essay Example For Students

This Boys Life by Tobbias Wolff Essay This Boy’s Life, a memoir by Tobbias Wolff, is a story about a young boy named Toby struggling through life because his parents were divorced. Living with his mother Rosemary, who wasn’t able to provide him with proper upbringing on her own. Toby owned a gun that his mothers partner named Roy, had given to him. Toby would look out of his bedroom window and point the gun at animals and innocent people walking by. He had this urge inside of him to shoot at people. One day, he was distracted by the sound of his mother opening his door which prevented him from lmost shooting at a Nun. We will write a custom essay on This Boys Life by Tobbias Wolff specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This scene reminds me of a scene in the movie â€Å"American Beauty†, Jack, who lacked communication with his parents, felt ignored and unimportant. The lack of communication with his parents made him feel useless, which led him to become frustrated and angry. He was trying to find any violent way to release his anger, by offering to rid his girlfriend of her father by offering to kill him. As time went by, Rosemary started dating a man named Dwight. They dated eachother for a couple of months and he eventually asked for her hand in marriage. She considered asking her son for support. He gave her the encouragement but in reality he was very skeptical about the whole idea and he encouraged her in order to protect her feelings. During their marriage, they didn’t seem happy. Dwight was a bad tempered man. After a long day at work, he would bring all his stress and tension that was bottled up inside of him and realease all that anger on 13 year old Toby. Toby was an easy target because of the fact that his mother doesn’t come to his defense. This led to behavioral problems with Toby. On weekends, Dwight would make Toby deliver newspapers, and he would keep every penny that Toby earned and worked so hard for. At school, Toby would get into many fights. When he would come home all bruised, Dwight would tell him stories about his young day when he used to beat up kids at school; This in a way encouraged Toby to keep fighting. This kind of influence that Dwight had on him led to a decline in Toby’s academic performance. Many adolescent teenagers in today’s society are murdering, selling drugs, carrying dangerous weapons and eventually getting arrested. We turn on our television sets and hear shocking news about two teenage boys in Littleton, Colorado, shooting, even killing their own classmates. It makes you wonder, who is responsible? Parents play a big role in their children’s lives. Children need attention, time and care. Many parents are to blame for their children’s actions. Communication plays also plays a big role in our lives. Communication needs to be taught by example. For example, asking your child how their day went, how their day at school was, what they ould like to talk about and what their aspirations are. Basically, being a good friend, listener and a role model. This is how you can open the doors of communication between you and your kid. That way, if the child is in trouble or needs your help, they’ll know who to turn to. When kids aren’t able to communicate, they become frustrated and they feel rebellious and do serious things that are harmful to their future, such as, doing poorly in school and thinking about committing violent crimes.

What does the achievement of Despacito prove in Essays - Music

What does the achievement of Despacito prove in Essays - Music What does the achievement of "Despacito" prove in the entertainment world that is dominated by English language? Do you think that everyone who streams, downloads and enjoys the song fully understands the lyrics? Support your answer with some evidence. What is gained and what is lost if the song is translated into English? How far does the artist's cultural background affect the song lyrics? Support your answer with some evidence. This means that even though the entertainment world is dominated by English language, there are still chances for other language to dominate the world of entertainment if the song or movie produced is enjoyable and good to hear, however it depends on different person's perspective. And based on our opinion, we agree that Despacito' is a good song to hear as it has a very catchy melody which allows us to gain the motivated spirit and even make us start to dance, it's just almost impossible not to move when you hear the track, even if you're not a dancer. The way the chorus starts "Des-Pa-Ci-To" is very easy to remember. The Spanish language also match with the music which is really good to hear. Despacito is originated by Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee from Puerto Rico but when he collaborated with Justin Bieber, the track h ave accumulated more than 4.6 billion streams across all platforms since its release in January. Before releasing this song, Justin Bieber is one of the re nowned Canadian singer who produced popular tracks which always hit the iTunes top charts. By this means, by looking at the popularity he got, we can easily tell that he can make the Despacito' single much more popular and widespread. No. Despacito is written and sung in Spanish, and this means that not all individuals in this world can understand what the lyrics actually mean as Spanish is not an international language. Spanish may be spoken in some countries such as Europe, Southern America and even some in China. However, compared to Spanish, English is more universal. For example, in Asia, Spanish is not that common as it is in other region of the world, people tend to speak their own local language or English. Based on our research, the most stream of Despacito' goes to UK and other European countries. From this, If the song is translated in English, the song will be controversial because the lyrics contain some explicit content which is kinda weird to explain it in English. The both of us have researched some facts on what the Despacito' song really meant and the lyrics may not suit with some people when it's translated in English. Almost everyone in this era understands English, some people may think that it's not suitable for kids to hear it. But since it's written and sung in Spanish, lots of people got no clue of what it really mean. Both Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee come from Puerto Rico and we can found the line This is how we do it down in Puerto Rico ' which shows that there is relation between their home country and the lyrics made. Another evidence is that both of them are latin american and it suggests why the lyrics are originally set in Spanish.

10 Useful Apps You’re Not Using That You Need to Download

10 Useful Apps You’re Not Using That You Need to Download You’re already tethered to your smartphone, why not start making the best of it? You might think you know everything there is to know about your phone, and possibly that it knows everything it needs to know about you, but there are still plenty of ways it can surprise you- and even help to make your work and play run that much more smoothly. Here are a few amazing apps you may have overlooked. Check out some of these hidden gems to unlock even more potential in your person-to-smartphone relationship.1. ClipsFree! Like the idea of Snapchat sometimes, but can’t commit? Apple’s Clips lets you shoot still and video shots with wacky filters. Add in Live Titles, which are subtitles you create simply by speaking, and you’re in business. It’s Snapchat for grown-ups and the terminally ironic.2. ProshotWant to improve your photography skills? No matter your skill level, this app can help you unlock advanced features in your device to help you take higher qual ity photos with better focus and light.3. GoodlookNever know what to wear? Keep up with the trends with daily looks and useful fashion and beauty tips. Figure out what to shop for and how to combine the clothing you already have to stay on trend.4. Remote MouseTurn your phone into a remote for your computer. Say your keyboard is low on battery, but you want to watch a movie or give a presentation? No problem!5. App DetoxWe all have that app- or those 10  apps- that eat up all of our time. Android users, you’re in luck. This app helps you distance yourself from your smart phone by blocking access to certain apps for a time period of your choosing. Very useful when you need to study or work and can’t be checking Twitter every five minutes.6. Moleskine TimepageLove having everything on your device, but miss the stylish days of your old Moleskine planner? Now you can have it all. A smart calendar/planner that is as stylish as it is functional and sexier than its counterp arts. Works with existing calendars like iCloud, Facebook, and Google.7. Just Press RecordNot impressed with Voice Memos anymore? Try this one-tap recording app that works across Apple products and even boasts built-in transcription for note taking- in multiple languages. You can even search your recordings for specific terms. You’re welcome.8. PatronusA personal security app named after a spell in Harry Potter? Yes please. With mobile 911 service (much more accurate than cell tower locations!) and location sharing, plus an â€Å"On My Way† feature that lets you share your location, destination, and progress with your contacts. It takes a village!9. SignalMove to fully encrypted communication in this scary world. WhatsApp is a bit behind the ball on this, so go straight to the source with Signal. It’s free all-in-one messaging with voice call functionality. You can even send media with the same protections. This one is very easy to use and is open source.10. Cla p! Phone FinderLose your phone a lot, only to find it by your toaster where you left it? This combines the find-your-phone technology with the old clap-on-clap-off satisfaction. Simply clap your hands to activate your phone to produce a customizable sound. Bonus? This app consumes very low amounts of battery power, so it won’t drain you while it runs.

The case for christ (student edition) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The case for christ (student edition) - Essay Example His Divinity was evidenced by His resurrection from the dead and ascension to heaven. To ask the reliability of Jesus Christ is also to ask the historical accuracy and competence of the Holy Bible because it is the source of our information about Jesus Christ. For academic discussion, it may be necessary to cross reference the existence of Jesus Christ from other sources other than the Bible itself. Jesus Christ was recognized to have existed by early historians such as Tacitus, the first century Roman historian who is touted to be the most credible historian of the ancient world. In his historical recordings, â€Å"Christians† (derived from Christus, the Latin equivalent for Christ) was already mentioned in an unflattering way considering that he is a Roman. He mentioned that a certain superstitious â€Å"Christian† or â€Å"Christus† existed during the reign of Tiberius and suffered under Pontius Pilate. In the same breadth, the legendary Jewish historian also made an account of Jesus Christ. In his â€Å"Antiquities†, he mentioned that there was a â€Å"Christ† who is a brother of James. Again, he referred Jesus Christ in an unflattering way considering he is a Jew: â€Å"Now there was about this time Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to call him a man. For he was one who wrought surprising feats....He was [the] Christ...he appeared to them alive again the third day, as the divine prophets had foretold these and ten thousand other wonderful things concerning him.† One version reads, â€Å"At this time there was a wise man named Jesus. His conduct was good and [he] was known to be virtuous. And many people from among the Jews and the other nations became his disciples. Pilate condemned him to be crucified and to die. But those who became his disciples did not abandon his discipleship. They reported that he had appeared to them three days after his crucifixion, and that he was alive; accordingly he was perhaps the Messiah, concerning whom the

Netflix - Do We Still Need Cinemas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Netflix - Do We Still Need Cinemas - Essay Example In the conventional film distribution setting, cinemas or movie theaters have often been the first point of sale for movies. After cinematic or theatrical distribution, the second traditional channel comprised of the broadcast via television, followed by DVDs. Majority of film producers opted for these three modes of distribution, in an attempt to ensure optimal viewership and reap maximum profits. Recently, however, the pervasive nature of the internet has influenced film distribution, paving way for digital online platforms. The latter include video on demand (VOD), mobile applications, and live streaming. This paper seeks to provide insight into the evolution of film distribution within the context of traditional cinema versus popular digital platform, Netflix. Even though Netflix is a key player in film distribution, cinemas are still a vital part of the entertainment industry and should not be entirely written off. Pioneers of movie distribution since the advent of the film industry were traditional theaters and cinemas. Cinemas were rather popular, as people increasingly embraced moviegoing as a weekend form of relaxation with family members and friends. The earliest theaters did not project movies on a screen. Rather, the films were showcased using peep-show machines referred to as kinetoscopes. The latter was developed by Thomas Edison and W. Dickson, and they remained popular till the end of the 19th century. As the world ushered in the 20th century, similar peep-show gadgets referred to as Mutoscopes were introduced in the continued popularisation of a theatrical portrayal of film.

Allegory of the Cave and Narrator Essay Example for Free

Allegory of the Cave and Narrator Essay As the philospoher Seneca once said, â€Å"It is the power of the mind to be unconquerable. † Raymond Carver’s Cathedral is a story about a man who started out as a closed-minded man but, throughout the story his character changes as he begins to bond with his wife’s friend, Robert, a man who is blind. Plato’s Allegory of the cave is a story about a prisoner who is freed from being locked in chains living all of his life underground and finding out a different perspective about a lie he’s been living his whole life, being told as a conversation between Socrates and Glaucon. In the stories, â€Å" Cathedral† by Raymond Carver, and â€Å" Allegory of the Cave† by Plato, both authors argue that a person’s reality is not always what is seems to be. In â€Å" Cathedral,† Raymond Carver uses irony between the narrator and Robert when they talk about the cathedral. The narrator tries to explain how a cathedral looks like with words when he says â€Å" To begin with, they’re very tall. I was looking around the room for clues. They reach way up. Up and up. Toward the sky. They’re so big, some of them, they have to have these supports. To help hold them up, so to speak† to Robert who is blind and can’t really apprehend what is being said. (Carver, page 24, lines 448-451). Until Robert asks to be drawn a cathedral when he says â€Å" Hey, listen to me. Will you do me a favor? I got an idea. Why don’t you find us a pen and some heavy paper. Go on, bub, get the stuff† the narrator realizes that Robert sees by touching around the paper. (Carver, page 25, lines 492-495). What the narrator doesn’t understand is that the blind man can’t see what he sees even though he thinks that by describing with words about how a cathedral looks, helps. The irony Carver is trying to show is that the narrator is the one who is blind, not Robert, because he perceives his reality to be similar to Roberts but instead really isn’t. In â€Å" Allegory of the cave† Plato uses metaphor about the message that is being compared to an imaginary prisoner’s life. Socrates explains to Glaucon â€Å" Behold! Human beings living in a underground cave, which has a mouth open towards the light and reaching all along the cave; here they have been from their childhood, and have their legs and neck chained so that they cannot move, and can only see before them, being prevented by the chains from turing round their heads. Above and behind them a fire is blazing at a distance, and between the fire and the prisoners there is a raised way; and you will see, if you look, a low wall built along the way, like the screen which marionette players have in front of them, over which they show the puppets† to imagine a person who is living a certain kind of way for a long period of time. (Plato, page 8, lines 5-14). Then they are told that what they are living is a lie when Socrates says â€Å" And now look again, and see what will naturally follow if the prisoners are released and disabused of their error. At first, when any of them is liberated and compelled suddenly to stand up and turn his neck round and wlak and look towards the light, he will suffer sharp pains; the glare will distrees him, and he will be unable to see the realities of which in his former state he had seen the shadows; and then conceive some one saying to him, that what he saw before was an illusion, but that now, when he is approaching nearer to being and his eye is turned towards more real existence, he has a clearer vision, -what will be his reply? † (Plato, pages 8-9. Lines 42-51). Socrates then says â€Å" And if he is compelled to look straight at the light, will he not have a pain in his eyes which will make him turn away and take in the objects of vision which he can see, and which he will conceive to be in reality clearer than the things which are now being shown to him† to explain that the prisoner will want to believe what he is already accustomed not to what has just been told to him. (Plato, page, lines 57-61). The metaphor that the story compares to is a prisoners life and perspective of reality, once you are told that the way you have been living for your whole life is wrong, you are most likely to be scared of the truth that has just been told to you since the reality that you have been living isn’t what it seems to be. In both stories, â€Å" Cathedral† by Raymond Carver and â€Å" Allegory of the cave† by Plato, both authors use imagery to descibe how the characters in the story are lead to a new reality that has been bestow upon them. In â€Å" Cathedral† the narrator learns the way Robert sees things when he says â€Å" He ran his fingers over the paper. He went up and down the sides of the paper. The edges, even the edges. He fingered the corners. All right, he said. All right, let’s do her. He found my hand with the pen. He closed his hand over my hand. Go ahead, bub, draw, he said. Draw. You’ll see. I’ll follow along with you. It’ll be okay. Just begin now like I’m telling you. You’ll see. Draw, the blind man said. † (Carver, page 26, lines 508-514). Carver reveals that by being very desciptive using imagery, the reader can understand how the narrator is getting really tense in a good way when he is shown that his perspective of reality of blind people just being blind and nothing else is about to change. In â€Å" Allegory of the cave† the prisoner is being taken to see a new perspective of the way he used to think when Socrates says â€Å" And suppose once more, that he is reluctantly dragged up a steep and rugged ascent, and held fast until he’s forced into the presence of the sun himslef, is he not likely to be pained and irritated? When he approaches the light his eyes will be dazzled, and he will not be able to see anything at all of what are now called realities. † (Plato, page 9, lines 63-68). Plato shows that by using imagery in his story, people can notice that the prisoner is in a lot of pain when he is being shown that his perspective of reality of the shadows being his reality is about to change for the rest of his life. In both stories â€Å" Cathedral† and â€Å" Allegory of the cave† both charcters of the story are being shown a different way of thinking. This new way of thinking evolved them into a better self being. Both charcters, the narrator and the prisoner were challeneged into a new way of thinking, both stuck to it till the end, and both became more of a fulfilled person.

Sarah Jeannette Duncan’s A Mother in India Essay -- essays research pa

Sarah Jeannette Duncan’s A Mother in India Patriarchal Victorian Men Create Monstrous Victorian Women 706 Words   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Mother in India, as a story depends on the facade of appearance and the reality of emotional abandonment within a male dominated & Victorian society. Duncan’s point is that Victorian men create monstrous Victorian women. Relationships of any emotional worth are rendered impossible between Helena and her daughter Cecily because of a life long separation imposed by the father. It is impossible for Helena to be Cecily’s emotional or spiritual mother because Helena is not emotionally equipped to be anything else other than a servant to her husband. Her life has been pre-arranged by a series of male allowances and dictates. Helena and Cecily’s relationship must be emotionally void to work within the shallow, materialistic pre-arrangement of their lives. Helena has nothing to offer her daughter but the emptiness that she’s acquired over her lifetime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Helena has spent her life in an emotional vacuum. When Helena is forced to draw on emotional experience for her daughter’s sake she finds immature childish emotions are all she has. Cecily is as a doll to Helena that does not live up to its warranty upon close scrutiny. She recoils from the situation looking with repugnance at her alien possession. Cecily is frequently referred to as an it as opposed to my daughter by Helena. Cecily is also frightened by...

Code of Ethics Essay

Almost every organization, institution and profession has a set of code of ethics which are generally expected to guide their stakeholders on how to handle particular issues within that fall within their place of work. Basically, such code of ethics are instituted and adopted in organizations as well as professions as a way of ensuring that relevant stakeholders are in a position to draw a clear distinction about on what is wrong or right. Understanding the ethical codes of a particular environment, be it an organization or a profession has been found to be instrumental in helping the stakeholders make right decisions in decision situations and this fact has therefore awarded code of ethics great importance across professions. Ethics vary from one profession to another as well as from an organization to another depending on the type of operations carried out, also, the environment within which an organization functions. It becomes an obligation to all stakeholders in a profession, organization or even an institution to understand the laid down code of ethics available as such since violating such qualifies to be termed as a professional misconduct and punishable under the law. There is generally a rich history about code of ethics and again, the history varies from one profession to another and also across organizations. This paper will seek to offer a detailed analysis of the code of ethics that are available in accounting profession, its history of development, the sources from where these ethics were developed amongst other valuable issues about code of ethics in general. It will explore the major players in the profession, who are basically certified accountants, what expectations are at least expectable from an accountant in his work to their clients, as well as the bodies across the globe that has been awarded the mandate of setting the standards or simply developing the code of ethics for accountants. Accounting has grown to become one of the oldest and also one of the most important services that business world cannot stay without. In the business world, there is the inherent need for the business owners and other stakeholders to have perfect knowledge of the state of affairs of the business institution in which they have committed their resources, of course for expected returns. To gain this kind of knowledge, an individual who can truthfully and honestly reflect the true financial position within which a business is at any particular time is needed and this can only be a person who have relevant analysis skills. If such information is made available to the investors, customers, governments and suppliers among others, then it becomes likely that such individuals will be in a position to know whether a business is making profits or otherwise. If there have been steady profits in a particular business and over a couple of the previous years, such a business will remain as worthwhile investment opportunities to investors, a good source of government tax to the government, a good determinant of how much profits to go to each shareholder and would also assure suppliers that their creditor is solvent enough. In case of loss, not very many profit oriented individuals will want any association with such a business as losses are one of the signs of insolvency. Basically, accounting information is of very important use in decision making and for this reason, such information must be truthful and objective. Incorrect accounting information has the potential to result into decisions that are wasteful in nature and this is a situation which is not acceptable in the business world where resources are always limited. Provision of such accounting information has therefore come under very strict scrutiny by bodies which are globally recognized and mandated to give guidelines which every certified accountant must adhere to while undertaking their accounting duties. Failure of adherence by accountants has been qualified to become a professional misconduct and in such a case, the accountant in question becomes liable for his irresponsibility. The ethical requirements for professional accountants are established by the International Federation of Accountants (I.F.A) which also enforces that all the guidelines are adhered to throughout the profession of accounting reporting (Reamer, 1998). Statement of Values Integrity Integrity is one of the four values that make up the code of ethics in accounting field as a profession. An accountant whose services have been hired by a business entity has to demonstrate a high level of integrity in conducting their duties failure to which they can be held liable for any loss suffered, if such losses are proven to have been occasioned by lack of integrity on the side of the accountant. Integrity implies that an account under duty has to demonstrate that he is straightforward as well as honest with issues that touch on the financial performance of the entity to which he is offering accounting services. It also implies that there has to be fair dealings as well as truthfulness throughout the service dispensation period. This consequently requires that accountant must not have any association with accounting information in which they believe there are material errors or are misleading. Objectivity This is another principle in the accounting field that requires accountants not to allow any compromise on their business or professional judgment. It states that a professional accountant must be free from bias, conflict of interest and also undue influence while making a business judgment. Impaired objectivity amounts to a gross professional misconduct and relevant bodies like the I.F.A ensures that such values are upheld throughout the profession. Diligence This means that a professional accountant is bound by the ethical code to dispense their services with due acre and competence. They are required to maintain an acceptable level of professional knowledge and skills in services delivery so that their clients will be better positioned to have truthful reports about the affairs of a business at any particular time. Informed decisions are likely to be made as a result of data obtained through diligent services and would not cost the decision maker for unexpected outcomes. Confidentiality This is the requirement that a professional accountant must not disclose any information he has come across during his service time, in part or wholly to a third party or for extra financial gains. Parties whom may stand to gain upon acquiring such information are the competitors to the client and this may turn out to be disastrous to the client. Professional accountants are therefore bound by this value to only use such information for the benefit of their current client failure to which would be looked at as a violation of one of the golden rules. The above are values that have been formulated by I.F.A and generally accepted across the globe by the help of the nations that recognizes this body. Training and Communication In every organization training is a vital component. Training equips employees with necessary skills, knowledge, and become competence in their accounting work. Employees do participate in ethical training of the company and attain development and eventually improve their morale on the performance of the company. Ethical training provides innovative quality solutions to support the company to operate in an ethical environment and realize their full potential of investors. Training should take place in area of law compliance and ways to treat various differing interest, profits and safety. Communication on the other hand acts as an enhancement to training where issues are discussed openly. Investors raise views as they become participants and share it out with others of anything they do not understand. Some of communications tools used are company newsletters, article in magazines, internet website and videos. There should effective communication to investors characterized by the following features: honesty which emphasis on free flow of important investment information, confidentiality that protect employees regarding their rights and their professional while abiding to legal act about disclosing information which affects welfare of others and free speech to give support for open competition. Communication should also promote mutual understanding between the investor and the facilitator of business opportunity. Companies should develop, enforce and put down in writing codes of corporate. A code of ethic should foster a stronger ethical climate and open various channel of communication to help protects against fraudulent financial reporting. Both corporate ethics training and communication is very important to employees individually by developing ethical decision–making skills and to ensure all staff understands and complies with company regulations and policies. Code of Ethics Implementation Plan The success lies on the corporation commitment on developing code and their contribution (Messikomer and Cirka, 2010). Company needs to implement code of ethics through informal methods noticeable to the context through proper communication and agreement. The implementation plan sound to ensure investment advisors adhere to code of ethics regarding business matters, protect customers and inhibit any inappropriate action. The advisors are responsible for consumers saving and their security regarding their financial status. Customers understanding on code of ethics determine whether their representatives are acting accordance to law and guidelines, as well as representing them appropriately. Prior to the implementation of code of ethics there are rules: where all employees receive compensation of loss regardless of the amount, employees will perform their discharged duties diligently and competence, and finally, organization will consult the public to get feedback and suggestions regarding on the efficiency and effective delivery of services. Implementation composes organizational changes where employees should conform to these changes: identification of moral leaders who are moral mature and finally, leaders should regularly communicate code of ethics to improve perceptions of trust and leadership credibility. This imperative normalizes ethicality by providing routine communication on moral behavior which reminds employees on their ethics matters. Corporate Social Issues It is most essential in every organization that it promotes its vision of accountable business to various stakeholders apart from investors and shareholders. There are various areas of major concerns: environmental conservation, well status of employees, community and community at large. Company do largely benefit through adopting a policy of social responsibility through improvement of financial performance, lowering its operation cost, increasing it sales and enhancing customers loyalty. The company consequently attracts many consumers/investors as well as to retain the potential ones to help change the company’s identity and to greatly improve productivity and quality. There are drivers pushing business towards social responsibility such as the government, which imposes legislation and regulation to deliver social and environmental objectives in the area of business. Secondly, the need for corporate disclosure from investor and stake holders, also, investors are changing its way of accessing companies performance based on criteria of social responsibility. Management training plays a major role in implementation of corporate social responsibility. There is increased demand for corporate social responsibility in every organization to promote good governance between the organization, investors, society at larger and government. Laws and Regulations Impacting on Corporations The recent past has witnessed several pieces of legislation that eventually come to force and impact both positively and negatively to corporation. Examples of such laws are the ones concerning environmental conservation that have required corporate bodies to do their business with little to no environmental degradation. This has to a greater extent dealt manufacturing corporations big blows as they have to emit waste product into the environment as they do manufacturing. These set of laws have therefore required that there are amounts of part of the corporation’s revenue set aside to attempt to get rid of the waste materials they emit from the environment. This has become an extra cost to most corporations since conducting an environmental cleanup exercise has in many circumstances gone into the tune of millions of shillings. Basically, among other effects that recent laws and regulations have imposed on the environment have been extra costs especially meant for cleaning up the waste they emit into environment or compensating individuals who are fallen victims in one way or another of this kind of wastes. Consequently, the revenues have considerably diminished with some of such corporations opted the walk of operations. Monitoring and Enforcement Plan Monitoring and enforcing adherence to code of ethics is of paramount importance and several benefits have been associated to it. Monitoring is in most cases done by organizational management teams, senior officers in an institution or even bodies which are mandated to safeguard such codes of ethics. Monitoring and enforcing helps keep those who are bound by such codes committed to satisfying the values as stipulated in the code of ethics. As a result, professionals in whatever field are in a position to effectively prevent, detect and report appropriately as well as address any allegation of professional misconduct. A code of ethics can be effectively enforced when there exist individuals responsible for its implementation. Enforcing and safeguarding a code of ethics from rampant violation would require a clear explanation of the consequences that are to befell the violators. Such consequences must seem harsh so as to discourage those bound by the code from acting against it but instead assist in implementing it fully. Establishing an agreement that is binding between the parties to a code of ethics is also a step in the right direction of enforcing it. Lastly, to successfully monitor and enforce a code of ethics, there needs to be a consistent manner of monitoring behavior as well as rewarding individuals who duly comply with the laid down code of ethics. Ethics Audit Professionals in any field are needed to continually keep in touch with the practices within their professions that have an ethics relation in light of the ever increasing demand from the social world. To achieve this, the professionals have to engage in rigorous process of auditing ethics and such audits should be hinged on establishing that which is being considered essential in social work. This will in turn help the professionals make an identification of an ethical issue which is pertinent in their practice setting. Furthermore, it will be helpful to professionals in reviewing as well as assessing how adequate their current practice is. Lastly, auditing ethical codes will become helpful in assisting professionals to design a strategy which is practical to tune current practices as desired in the social work. Working Internationally Securing a professional job internationally is in most circumstances fancied by many if not by all professions across several fields. Such opportunities come with lots of hope to succeed in one’s career and of course earn fortunes out of the opportunity. In the real sense, there are very few professionals if any, who will turn such a chance down. Ethically, before a professional takes on an international duty, he has to consider issues like whether his code of ethics conform with the general ethics upheld in a foreign nation and whether such bodies are concerned with the code of ethics of his/her profession is acknowledged in that foreign nation in which he/she is intending to work. This is so, because a case of conflicting ethical values may arise and this may cause a crisis that could have been avoided if such issues were put into account prior to taking up of international duties. Like for instance, in accounting profession, there still exist some nations that have not subscribed to the guidelines offered by major accounting bodies in the world like the I.F.A or the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (G.A.A.P). As a result, such nations have their own ways of dealing with some accounting treatments which in many circumstances contrast what such bodies provide in respect of those treatments. Therefore, having an accountant who has been trained and practiced in a country where such guidelines from these bodies are adhered to work in such a foreign country may yield a crisis which in another perspective may be termed as professional misconduct in that foreign country. Conclusion In conclusion, this paper discusses and identifies the statement of values to include the source and foundation of ethical values and principles; why these principles are non-negotiable, how they have evolved over time, and what moral philosophy or social issues affects the approach to ethics. It also presented and given a training and communication plan, implementation plan, plan for the role of leadership, resolution to corporate social issues, discussed the recent laws and regulations impacting the corporation, how to monitor and enforce the plan; ethics auditing plan and considerations for working internationally. As you can see, code of ethics is needed in every organization to avoid conflict of interest and to deal with issues in a fair and just manner. References Baker, R. (1999). The American medical ethics revolution: how the AMA’s code of ethics has transformed physicians’ relationships to patients, professionals, and society. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Code of international ethics. (1953). Westminster, Md.: Newman Press. Code of medical ethics: current opinions with annotations (2004-2005 ed.). (2004). Chicago, Ill.: AMA Press. Reamer, F. G. (1998). Ethical standards in social work: a review of the NASW code of ethics. Washington, DC: NASW Press. Watson, D. (1985). A Code of ethics for social work: the second step. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois and the Struggle

The book Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois and the Struggle for Racial Uplift was affectively written by Jacqueline M. Moore and published in 2003. This book review will look at the following themes, Washington being a gradualist while Du Bois wanting confrontational immediacy, and the idiom, â€Å"if you can’t beat them join them. † What is also great about the book is that it starts with telling us about both philanthropist’s childhood to effectively reveal where each got their philosophies and unique characteristics and traits.The injustice of racism and its evident role in some of Americas most prominent political and social aspects have perpetuated rigorous and squalor lifestyles for those of non-Caucasian ancestry. Jacqueline Moore clearly states evidence how white people have such a long history of being the dominant group and why it is so hard for blacks to assimilate. In the book the writer simply told us a story of 2 men’s journeys for racia l uplift and wanted us to decide the theme for ourselves, telling both sides of the story in order to let us choose which of them we might agree with more.The author did a good job letting us know Washington and Du Bois’s goals. The style of the novel is interconnected with its themes. In the novel, not only does Moore convey the ideas and concepts of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B Dubois, but Moore also illustrates the theories of which consists of gradualism and immediacy. â€Å"Washington was a gradualist, and Du Bois favored immediacy. Washington advocated economic advancement and self-help; Du Bois favored political advancement. †(p. 7) Washington tries to possess the concept that, if you can’t beat them join them. This is one of the examples in the novel that Jacqueline Moore clearly and affectively states as evidence to one of the themes. The tone of Moore’s Novel is optimistic and assertive, which is evident when she says that â€Å"†¦ alt hough it was true that blacks had to make efforts to help themselves, without the support and encouragement of the white community and the elimination of discriminatory barriers, progress was not possible. (p. 72) Moore’s writing proves its effectiveness for it essentially explains Dubois’s theory of what blacks need to do too pursue a better life and achieve self-actualization that promotes higher possibilities and is free from lowering standards as he addresses his purpose, indicates his broad audience, and infuses a unique writing style that employs an in-depth point of view and an optimistic tone from Du Bois. â€Å"The difference was in the emphasis each man placed on his preferred method.Washington argued that industrial education should come first so that southern blacks could gain basic schooling and useful skills with which to make something of themselves. Du Bois argued that without higher education for blacks there would be no black teachers for the industr ial schools and therefor no chance for blacks to improve. † (p. 61) Again, the writer states the goals of the 2 men to make sure the readers are able to convey the information to their own understanding.Moore fills the readers with the knowledge that the white society of the past was philosophically corrupted and degraded the worth of black individuals due to white supremacy and the lack of cooperation from the whites, which depressed black’s motivation to instill within them their goals and expectations. The key to eliminating discrimination was to get the government to take initiative to end discrimination of the black race, but as time progressed, rebellious natured individuals presented their disapproval for this racial uplift and started clans like the KKK in order to discourage blacks from earning political rights. As their situation grew increasingly desperate, many poor blacks lost faith in the possibility of integration that both Washington and Du Bois held out as the ultimate goal. †(p. 94). Supporting my thesis, many blacks have lost faith for racial uplift and started to think they couldn’t beat the white supremacist. â€Å"Eventually, after many struggles, the International Migration Society did send a group of 200 emigrants to Liberia in 1895 and another 321 in 1896. (p. 100) The book also did a good job stating statistical facts. One of the class discussions that we had was â€Å"Was it too early to migrate back to Africa? † We asked ourselves this and had a big debate over it, but the novel states that only about 1,000 black people took the ship back to Africa while the population of blacks at the time was somewhere around 8,000,000, that is not even 1 percent and most couldn’t even afford it.It was important that the book stated facts showing that although blacks tried very hard to become part of the dominant group, they did not have the tools and money to do so as the whites were very powerful when it came to black rights. They did not understand how hard the standard of living was for blacks, so the people of color continued to be ridiculed by the army of brainwashed drones, who stood tall at the pinnacle of ignorance. Overall the book did a good job adding to my understanding of the subject.A lot of what I read in the book was learned in our in class lectures giving me a head start. Moore wishes to guide her readers out of their blind state of mind and use the perspective of the two philanthropists in order find their way through the often dark and bleak aspects of racial uplift. Before reading the book I knew little to nothing about Washington and Du Bois, but affectively it has managed to reveal all I need to know about the two and all that they have done in their efforts to achieve justice.

An Astrologers Day, Dusk and The Umbrella Man Essays

An Astrologers Day, Dusk and The Umbrella Man Essays An Astrologers Day, Dusk and The Umbrella Man Essay An Astrologers Day, Dusk and The Umbrella Man Essay An Astrologers Day by R.K Narayan Dusk by H.H Munro (Saki) The Umbrella Man by Roald Dahl In many ways, An Astrologers Day, is a thriller and is filled with an uncanny suspense which is revealed only at the end. And yet, like all his other stories, here R.K Narayan deals with the life of an ordinary Indian man whose life, when touched by Fate, had altered dramatically. The suspense which is cleverly maintained till the haunting end ensures that the reader will keep turning the pages, and when the end does arrive there is not just a sense of relief alone but also a sense of simple astonishment that is breathtaking. Indeed, this is a fine suspense story. The story of Dusk begins on a very pessimistic note as the author, H.H Munro describes all the defeated people of the world who come out of their homes in the dusk time so that they do not have to meet successful people. However, the rest of the story has little to do with this pessimism and we are drawn into the brilliant plan of a confidence trickster who was out to make money on some gullible victim. The end of the story is bound to make the reader laugh and wonder at the wit and creativity of a master storyteller. The Umbrella Man by Roald Dahl, is about a confidence trickster, but unlike the other stories this is told from a childs perspective which adds to the humor and charm of this narration. A mother and her little daughter are tricked into buying an expensive umbrella for a throwaway price; but they soon realize that not only the seller is a genuine seller but has a strange reason for selling the umbrella, and that they have been shortchanged in spite of buying the umbrella dirt cheap. There is an element of suspense in all three stories which keeps the readers on pins and needles till the very end. R.K Narayan kicks off the story by subtly narrating the life of the lower class Indian i.e the astrologer and the surroundings in which he works. The narrator does not re

The five most annoying ways to use an ellipsis - Emphasis

The five most annoying ways to use an ellipsis The five most annoying ways to use an ellipsis The three little innocent-looking dots of an ellipsis () probably carry more power to annoy and confuse your readers than any other punctuation mark. Apostrophe mistakes look harmless in comparison. Nobody seriously reads ‘orange’s 45p’ and assumes that the orange must own a small amount of loose change. Ellipses, by contrast, can completely change the tone and meaning of what you write. And people who misuse them often don’t realise what they’re doing. Here are five ways not to use an ellipsis. 1. Using them like a written erm Trailing off in the middle of sentences in spoken conversation is common and almost unavoidable. (Unless you’re Oscar Wilde – WB Yeats said Wilde was the first person he’d met who spoke in perfect sentences.) But it’s rarely necessary to do this in writing. In spoken conversation, you can rely on various cues to tell you whether the other person understands what you’re saying, and clarify as needed. But in writing, you need to be clear first time. Many writers use ellipses like written equivalents of ‘erm’ and ‘er’, but this can be confusing and frustrating for the reader. To avoid inadvertently creating a ‘fill in the blanks’ puzzle, force yourself to finish your sentences. This might mean you have to do a bit more work before pressing send – quite possibly work you were trying to avoid. But just console yourself with the knowledge that you’re sending out a little more good sense into the world. Compare these emails: ‘I haven’t had the full invitation to tender back yet whom do I talk to? no idea about the competitors haven’t started the tender not sure about our solution or details.’ ‘I haven’t received the full invitation to tender document yet. And I only know the bare bones of the solution we’re going to propose. At this stage, I don’t even know whom to talk to about getting all the necessary information (about costs, materials, people) together. Do you have any suggestions?’ Concrete writing like this will naturally take longer than simply typing the first things that come to mind. But the extra time you spend focusing on what you’re actually saying, and why, will help clarify your message both for you and your reader, and ultimately increase your chances of getting the kind of response you want. If you need to create a pause (a purposeful one, not an ‘erm’), consider using an en-dash instead of an ellipsis. It feels much more confident, especially when you need to link related parts of a sentence – like this. 2. Trailing off for no reason An ellipsis at the end of a sentence implies that the writer has trailed off. But why has the writer trailed off? Are they suggesting something? Does it represent a nudge or a wink? Those three little dots suggest something is going on, but give the reader no clue about what it might be. This can make otherwise straightforward sentences confusing and (occasionally) somewhat unsettling. Compare these sentences: ‘It’s not a problem for us to meet on Monday.’ ‘It’s not a problem for us to meet on Monday ’ The trailing off in the second example could suggest the writer is having doubts (perhaps it is a problem). Or maybe it expresses confusion about why a meeting is even necessary. Or, if the writer is a chronic ellipsis-abuser, it may mean nothing at all.  The reader must then judge what the meaning might be, or ask for clarification. If you’re unsure about meeting on Monday, say so and explain why. For example: ‘It’s not a problem for us to meet on Monday, but I’m not sure if that will be helpful because John won’t be here and we need his input.’ 3. Three is the magic number Some style guides recommend writing an ellipsis as three full stops: Some prefer three full stops with spaces between them: . . . And some tell you to use a special ellipsis character (PC shortcut: ALT+0133, Mac shortcut: ALT+semicolon): †¦ Whichever you use (we prefer three full stops without spaces, except on Twitter), all style guides agree that ellipses are three dots long. Not four, or two (and five is right out). You may see what appears to be a four-dot ellipsis at the end of some sentences (eg ‘And then John fell asleep .). This is in fact an ellipsis with a full stop at the end. You may also sometimes see three dots, a space and then a further dot (eg ‘And then John fell asleep .). Again, style guides vary on this. 4. Omitting crucial parts of a quotation You’ll often find that you need to condense quotes, and you can use an ellipsis to show that you’ve removed parts of the original. But be careful. To be completely transparent, you need to be sure that you’re not changing the meaning of what somebody has said. Take this remark from US President Coolidge and the often-quoted condensed version: ‘The chief business of the American people is business’ ‘The business of the American people is business’ This changes the meaning of his sentence. The original version says that business is the most important concern, whereas in the second it sounds as if business is the only important thing. 5. Implying you have more to say when you haven’t This is a very particular kind of trailing off, and possibly the most annoying of all. It often implies that what needs to be said is so obvious to the (knowledgeable) writer that it should be obvious to the reader, too. This can backfire badly – at worst, it can appear smug or condescending. For example: ‘That’s a good plan, but there are important considerations ’ This kind of ellipsis is more suited to enigmatic status updates on social media (’OMG some people are so annoying ’), not that we advocate that sort of thing. For business it’s better to spell things out. Ask yourself why you’re tempted to use an ellipsis, get the answer straight in your head, then politely say that instead: ‘That’s a good plan, but I’m worried about how expensive it is. We’re also working on so many other projects that I’m not sure we’ll have the time to spare’. Use with caution Like many of the best things in life, ellipses are fine when used well and in moderation, but troublesome when used recklessly. (OK, OK, we’re sounding like your dad now.) So keep using them, if you wish, but do so consciously. And if you catch yourself dot-dot-dotting to cop out of saying what you actually mean, take a moment’s pause. What is likely to be the most positive approach in the long run? At work, usually, clarity is king. Sure, overused ellipses are annoying but good writing at work is about far more than just airing our personal peeves. Its about communicating effectively and efficiently, in a way which informs, inspires and persuades others. Thats why weve distilled our 18 years experience working with over 40,000 professionals in every sector and industry into a 64-page guide, The Write Stuff. Its ideal if you write emails, reports, bids or any other business document. Download your free copy of The Write Stuff today.

Cultural relativism (sociology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cultural relativism (sociology) - Essay Example Such relationships are popular in western world in terms of partner relationship and marriage but it is condemned in the eastern world. When we deal with people in or from cultures different from our own, not only prudence but also moral decency requires that we attend to these differences and consider them with care and sensitivity in light of the respect we owe the members of other cultures simply as human beings. It is a true doctrine relating to the sociology and anthropology of moral beliefs (What is Culture relativism). Differences in dress, diet, and social norms are readily apparent. Such diversity in terms of ethics and justice are also easily seen and apparently shaped by the culture in which we live. Proponents of cultural relativism believe this cultural diversity proves that culture alone is responsible for our morality (Culture relativism). Moral relativists say that what we perceive as moral convictions or conscience are the byproducts of culture. Moreover, to pass judgment on another culture would be ethnocentric. This strength, nevertheless, is also a major weakness. Cultural relativism excuses us from judging moral practices of another culture. Still, provide the feeling of being compelled to condemn such actions as the Holocaust or ethnic cleansing (Cultural Relativism).

History paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

History paper - Essay Example Looking at the speech â€Å"The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro,† he gave on July 5, 1852, one gets a sense that he is very unhappy with the prevailing situations and the apparent lack of progress in the fight against slavery. He poignantly enumerates the ills the slaves are suffering at the hands of their masters in a way that echoes someone who has witnessed and endured such ills. He says ‘†¦ to rob them of their liberty, to work them without wages †¦ to flay their flesh with the lash †¦ to sell them at auction†¦ to sunder their families†¦ to burn their flesh.’1 This clear enumeration of the ills shows clearly that he understood what was going on, having witnessed firsthand some of this ills. To him, the aspirations of the American as espoused by the American Farmer2 that the American has moved from servile labour and useless toil to prosperity rings hollow for this group of Americans. The writing of Douglas, especially assertion that divinity and brutality cannot go hand in hand, and that one is either on one hand or the other must have been aimed at the radical abolitionists so well covered by Harris3. This abolitionist were mainly whites who had joined the blacks to bring an end to the slavery. The campaign was later to be taken up by religious revivalism with dominant figures being Arthur and Lewis Tappan4 who wanted to bring the religious approach to abolishing slavery through presenting the preaching of the bible that hold that all men are equal. The speech is inherently against the use of religious basis to perpetuate slavery through argument such as it is God ordained. But above all, he is very much against the fact that religious leaders, who ought to have known better, attended a ceremony to celebrate 4th of July knowing very well that there is nothing to celebrate in the country. The intended audience for this speech was mainly the blacks. He wanted them to know that things are getting out of hand and may not change

Human Relations - Conflict Resolution - Cowan Essay

Human Relations - Conflict Resolution - Cowan - Essay Example The central idea concentrates on the role of conflict in Organizations. Conflicts come under three categories: internal, interpersonal and intrapersonal. Proper management of conflict helps to improve efficiency and output of an Organization. Cowan points out that the key to success is to take advantage of conflict, not to yield. Difference in conflict resolution method used creates the difference between well and poorly managed conflict. The sources of conflict in an organization are: ideas, opinions and issues. Well managed conflicts fabricate positive change which reshapes the culture of an Organization. It is to be pointed out that conflict destroys trust among individuals, groups, and Organization. The work-‘Taking Charge of Organizational Conflict: A Guide to Managing Anger and Confrontation’ by David Cowan, points makes clear that:â€Å"Conflict has as much potential for producing positive results as it does for generating negative results.† (Cowan, 2003, p . 68) conflicts have the capacity to generate positive and negative results. The only difference is that how one confronts it. Next idea deals with the topic of understanding the nature of the conflict and how it affects one’s individuality. Evaluation of the conflict says that there is no good or bad conflict, but just conflict. When an Organization is diverse with manpower, there is high chance for conflict. But when diversity is considered as an asset, it is no more an issue. Cowan make clear that there is creative energy underlying most conflicts. So it is better to take advantage of conflict, not to ignore it. The next idea deals with the conditions that generate conflict, its dynamics and its organizational consequences. Cowan points out that dialogue is important in conflict resolution and it is essential to provide a medium for dialogue to deal with conflicts. During dialogue, listening plays an important role and is closely connected to conflict resolution strategy. In managing

Papua New Guinea Before Contact History Essay

Papua New Guinea Before Contact History Essay Papua New Guinea is one of the most culturally varied countries on Earth, with over 850 indigenous languages and at least as many traditional societies, out of a population of just under 7 million. This diversity results in no traditional name for the indigenous peoples. The country is one of the worlds least explored, culturally and biologically, and many undiscovered species of plants and animals are believed to dwell in the interior of Papua New Guinea. Humans have first estimated to have lived in New Guinea as far back as 50,000 years ago. New Guinea was one of the first landmasses after Africa and Eurasia to be populated by modern humans, with the first migration at approximately the same time as that of Indigenous Australia. Early communities had little contact with each other because of rough and mountainous terrain and so maintained their independence, as well as their distinct languages and customs, leading to such diverse cultural life. First arrivals were hunters and gatherers, early evidence shows that people managed to utilise the forest environment to provide food. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_fhVpDW9sV30/SuK3ppLwkm I/AAAAAAAALo4/NcyzlB00U8Q/s400/irving_penn_11.jpg C:UsersUserDownloadswen_04_img0693.jpg Timeline: Pre-colonisation of New Guinea 50,000 years ago (Pleistocene Epoch) Humans first arrive from Southeast Asia, by sea, although during this time sea level was lower and a land bridge connected Australia and New Guinea. 6000-7000 years ago Austronesians (known today as Malays, Indonesians, Filipinos and Polynesians) sail from southern China and settle along the coast of New Guinea and on surrounding islands. These people live in villages, plant food crops such as yams, make clay pots and raise pigs and chickens. 1526 First recorded European sighting of New Guinea is made by two Portuguese explorers who are sailing by the island but do not land. Jorge de Meneses, first Portuguese governor of the Moluccas, names the island Ilhas dos Papuas from the Malay phrase Orang papuwah which means frizzy haired man. 1545 Ynigo Ortiz de Reyes, Spanish captain sailing from Mexico, claims New Guinea for the King of Spain. It is debated whether he chose the name Nueva Guinea for the resemblance of the people or coastline of Guinea in Africa http://www.deathreference.com /images/medd_01_img0019.jpg During Contact Papua New Guinea had two non-indigenous countries colonise it, Germany and Britain. The Germans wanted to colonise Papua New Guinea because of Europes growing desire for coconut oil whereas Britain claimed it mainly for land and exploration purposes. Britain first arrived in the south-eastern province of New Guinea in 1883 after a formal decision to annex the island by Sir Thomas McIlwraith, the Premier of Queensland at the time. It took until 1884 before financial support was delivered and the colony officially became a British protectorate known as the Territory of Papua in 1905. In 1906 Britain transferred total responsibility for the territory to Australia. The Germans arrived in the north-eastern islands of New Guinea around the same time as the British. This annexed area was known as German New Guinea. As the terrain was so mountainous and separated contact between the two countries was somewhat uncommon and usually peaceful. During  World War 1, Australian forces seized German New Guinea, which in 1920 became the  Territory of New Guinea. Both territories were merged into the Territory of Papua and New Guinea in 1949. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png/250px-New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png New Guinea from 1884-1919.  The Netherlands controlled the western half of New Guinea, Germany  the north-eastern part, and  Britain  the south-eastern part. Nature of arrival Both the Germans and the British met the natives in a rather peaceful manner. The colonisation occurred after Australias and the British approached the new country more carefully and in a friendlier way to avoid an uprising from the natives of New Guinea akin to that of the Australian Aborigines The natives were taught basic skills that helped both themselves and the British, such as farming, domestication of animals such as fowl and language skills that helped them communicate with the British. The British also helped establish a bartering and economic system for the formally nomadic people. They made stalls and shops where the locals could trade and sell grown goods and items that they were quickly accustomed to, such as soap and blankets. A group of people gather in front of a store in Mount Hagen. A group of people gather in front of a store in Mount Hagen. Response of the natives When both countries arrived, they met the natives with somewhat peaceful intentions. With over a thousand language groups all spread out along the country, most tribes were around 100 large and were thinly spaced along the land meaning that resistance was not as great as in Australia. Shortly after colonisation, the natives were combined into large towns and were given education, health care and food which wouldve been a weird experience as before colonisation there were no towns or large populations, only small, dispersed settlements. Nearly all of the natives took to these changes rapidly and easily, with the only exception of religious beliefs. Some New Guineans resisted the changes Christian missionaries represented, while others accepted opportunities for new forms of wealth, power, and age and gender relations. With next to no recounts of major violent resistance, the colonisation of Papua New Guinea was one of the more peaceful and successful ones. Comparison to Australia The colonisation of New Guinea was very different to that of Australia and one of the major reasons why was because it occurred after Australia had been colonised, meaning that the British didnt want a repeat of the violence and death that had happened there. Slavery was still present in Papua New Guinea, however slaves and servants had a lot more freedom and rights then the Aboriginals did and most were considered just workers as opposed to servants. Due to the amount of space between native settlements there are still plenty of settlements that were never colonised or approached, even today there are still native groups that have never been met by non-indigenous populations. There was also a lot less prejudice about the locals of New Guinea than there was with Aboriginals, as the locals of New Guinea were given more rights and space than Aboriginals. New Guineans culture and beliefs wrapped around the colonisation and those who kept their traditional ways werent forced to change or conform. Results of colonisation for both the indigenous and non-indigenous people The results of colonisation for both the indigenous and non-indigenous people were mainly positive with both the German and British protectorates treating the locals fairly. The locals quality of life improved dramatically when they were colonised as healthcare and education were quickly introduced to the newfound villages and towns. Before colonization, an individuals identity was based on their kin group and rarely extended beyond the kin groups of close relatives. After colonization, Papua New Guineans experienced political, social, and economic integration that helped them adapt to their new style of living. The British and Germans both used the locals for things like building houses and labour but most of the structures that were built also benefited the natives as well, such as houses and huts that they lived in and shops that helped give the indigenous people a sense of economics and easy to access goods. With colonization, dispersed settlements were combined into larger villages for easier administration and the provision of education and health care. The first towns grew up around mission and administrative centres, near airstrips, or on hillsides overlooking good harbours. Towns were small, and homes and non-residential structures were simple one-story buildings. The first Papua New Guineans to live in towns were men. Many workers were chosen from nearby villages to which they were expected to return at night, but some lived in servants quarters ( boi haus ) or company barracks. The New Guineans nearly always lived separate from the European settlements and rarely interfered with each other. This was a positive step in the Europeans minds as it allowed the locals to integrate and get used to their new way of living without obstruction from the British. The New Guineans were treated more as individuals rather than natives. This freedom was something that helped the locals and gave them leeway to live their lives how they were before colonisation. In 1975 the people of New Guinea were granted independence and are now officially a self-governing nation. Comparison of colonisation Overall the indigenous people of New Guinea had a much better result of colonisation than that of Aboriginal people. Quality of life was better during and after the British and Germans arrived, because of the independence that the Europeans gave them along with basic goods and tools that they quickly learned to use. There is also less of a cultural barrier as a whole between towns and villages, the Europeans let them live their lives whereas in colonial Australia, Aboriginals were treated as inferior and were often enslaved. During colonisation and even in some parts of Australia today, Aboriginals have a lower standard of living along with less education and higher mortality rates. In Papua New Guinea there were and are still problems affecting young children, but as a whole, the population have a higher standard of living than Aboriginal Australians.

The Founding Story of Salamis :: Cyprus

The Founding Story of Salamis Teucer announces, â€Å"Despair in no way, tomorrow we will set out upon the vast ocean [for a new homeland in Cyprus].† At the end of the Trojan War, Teucer returned to his home island of Salamis (an island near Greece) carrying news of his brother, Ajax’s, death to his father, King Telamon. The king cursed Teucer for not preventing his brother’s death nor did he avenge his brother’s death on Odysseus. King Telamon had mistakenly thought that Teucer had abandoned Ajax in his moment of need because he had his eye on the throne and future kingdom of Salamis. It was on this reasoning that King Telamon made his decision to banish Teucer from his island homeland of Salamis. Humiliated and dejected, Teucer sails away with his soldiers in search of Cyprus in hopes of making this island their new home. On the way, Teucer’s ship is blown off course. After several days of being lost in the Mediterranean Sea, Teucer lands on the shores of Egypt. He had heard that the famous prophetess Theonoe lived in Egypt. She had been born with the gift of divine knowledge of all things present and to come. He decides to go ashore to seek out an oracle or revelation from Theonoe. If he spoke with Theonoe, Teucer had confidence he would know the correct course to take to get to Cyprus. He says: â€Å"The reason of my coming to this royal palace was a wish to see the famous prophetess Theonoe. I wish to ask how I shall steer a favorable course to the sea-girt shores of Cyprus; for there Apollo hath declared my home shall be, giving to it the name of Salamis.† Teucer – son of King Telamon Instead of finding Theonoe, he stumbles into a beautiful woman, Helen. She says to him, â€Å"Who are you and where are you going? Teucer responds by telling her about his participation in the battle of Troy and that he has been exiled from his birthplace, the island of Salamis by his father King Telamon. Teucer also tells her that he had been sailing to Cyprus to make a new home but has lost his way. He says he is looking for Theonoe to learn from her the quickest course to Cyprus. Helen replies that Cyprus is easy to find but he should leave Egypt soon before the king of the land, son of Proteus, finds him there. The Founding Story of Salamis :: Cyprus The Founding Story of Salamis Teucer announces, â€Å"Despair in no way, tomorrow we will set out upon the vast ocean [for a new homeland in Cyprus].† At the end of the Trojan War, Teucer returned to his home island of Salamis (an island near Greece) carrying news of his brother, Ajax’s, death to his father, King Telamon. The king cursed Teucer for not preventing his brother’s death nor did he avenge his brother’s death on Odysseus. King Telamon had mistakenly thought that Teucer had abandoned Ajax in his moment of need because he had his eye on the throne and future kingdom of Salamis. It was on this reasoning that King Telamon made his decision to banish Teucer from his island homeland of Salamis. Humiliated and dejected, Teucer sails away with his soldiers in search of Cyprus in hopes of making this island their new home. On the way, Teucer’s ship is blown off course. After several days of being lost in the Mediterranean Sea, Teucer lands on the shores of Egypt. He had heard that the famous prophetess Theonoe lived in Egypt. She had been born with the gift of divine knowledge of all things present and to come. He decides to go ashore to seek out an oracle or revelation from Theonoe. If he spoke with Theonoe, Teucer had confidence he would know the correct course to take to get to Cyprus. He says: â€Å"The reason of my coming to this royal palace was a wish to see the famous prophetess Theonoe. I wish to ask how I shall steer a favorable course to the sea-girt shores of Cyprus; for there Apollo hath declared my home shall be, giving to it the name of Salamis.† Teucer – son of King Telamon Instead of finding Theonoe, he stumbles into a beautiful woman, Helen. She says to him, â€Å"Who are you and where are you going? Teucer responds by telling her about his participation in the battle of Troy and that he has been exiled from his birthplace, the island of Salamis by his father King Telamon. Teucer also tells her that he had been sailing to Cyprus to make a new home but has lost his way. He says he is looking for Theonoe to learn from her the quickest course to Cyprus. Helen replies that Cyprus is easy to find but he should leave Egypt soon before the king of the land, son of Proteus, finds him there.

Final Study Guide – Eco/372

ECO/372 Final Examination Study Guide This study guide prepares you for the Final Examination you complete in the last week of the course. It contains practice questions, which are related to each week’s objectives. Highlight the correct response, and then refer to the answer key at the end of this Study Guide to check your answers. Use each week’s questions as a self-test at the start of a new week to reflect on the previous week’s concepts. When you come across concepts that you are unfamiliar with, refer to the Student Guide for that particular week. Week One: Fundamentals of MacroeconomicsObjective: Explain the economic interaction of resources among households, government, and businesses. 1. Which group has ultimate control over the U. S. economy? a. Business b. Households c. Multinationals d. Government 2. When a government intervenes in an economy in a way that influences the relationship between households and businesses, it is a. serving as an economic a ctor b. serving as an economic referee c. serving the public good d. reducing social welfare by interfering with the invisible hand Objective: Describe gross domestic product, inflation rate, unemployment rate, and interest rate. . Per capita real output would most likely increase if a. both real GDP and population increase b. both real GDP and population decrease c. real GDP increases and population decreases d. real GDP decreases and population increases 4. In 2006, U. S. real GDP increased by 3. 3 percent. Based on this information, we can infer that the U. S. experienced a. a recession in 2006 b. an expansion in 2006 c. a depression in 2006 d. a trough in 2006 Objective: Identify sources of historical economic data and economic forecasts. 5. The Bureau of Economic Analysis is responsible for which of the following? a.Setting interest rates b. Managing the money supply c. Calculating U. S. gross domestic product d. Paying unemployment benefits. 6. The Federal Reserve will most li kely _______ the money supply when the economy is experiencing a recession a. increase b. decrease c. stabilize d. manage Week Two: Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Objective: Analyze the impact of various factors on aggregate demand and supply. 7. The AD curve a. will shift as much as the initial shift factor when the multiplier is greater than one b. will shift by more than initial shift factor when the multiplier is greater than one c. ill shift by less than the initial shift factor due to leakages d. could shift by more or less than the initial shift factor 8. Theparadox paradox of thrift occurs when a. an increase in saving raises output b. an increase in saving reduces output c. saving is unrelated to output d. a decrease in saving reduces output 9. Suppose output exceeds potential output and a contractionary fiscal policy is enacted. According to the AS/AD model, in the long run, this fiscal policy will produce   a. a lower output level and a lower price level than would otherwise have occurred b. lower price level than would otherwise have occurred c. a lower output level than would otherwise have occurred d. neither a lower price level nor a lower output level than would otherwise have occurred 10. According to the AS/AD model, an expansionary monetary policy a. increases interest rates, raises investment, and increases income b. decreases interest rates, raises investment, and increases income c. increases interest rates, reduces investment, and decreases income d. decreases interest rates, reduces investment, and decreases incomeObjective: Evaluate the effectiveness of changes in fiscal policies using Keynesian and Classical models 11. According to Keynes, the economy could become stuck at a low income level if   a. declines in aggregate demand and aggregate supply reinforce one another b. declines in aggregate demand are not accompanied by declines in aggregate supply c. declines in aggregate supply are not accompanied by declines in aggregat e demand d. aggregate demand and aggregate supply are independent of one another 12. The Classical economists argued that: a. market economy will not experience unemployment. b. if unemployment occurs, it will cure itself because wages and prices will fall. c. aggregate expenditures may be too low. d. if inflation occurs it will cure itself because prices, wages, and interest rates will rise. Week Three: Monetary Policy Objective: Assess the factors contributing to the establishment of general and specific rates of interest. 13. When the Federal Reserve targets a higher interest rate, this change in policy involves open market   a. purchases of government securities that reduced reserves b. urchases of government securities that increased reserves c. sales of government securities that reduced reserves d. sales of government securities that increased reserves 14. When the Federal Reserve sells bonds, the a. Federal funds rate increases b. reserve requirement falls c. discount rate increases d. discount rate decreases Objective: Explain the role of the Federal Reserve System in designing and implementing U. S. monetary policies. 15. Who buys and sells in the Federal Reserve funds market? a. Commercial banks and depository institutions b. Large financial institutions c.Financial institutions and large corporations d. Anyone with a computer and an Internet connection can participate 16. The Federal fund rate is always _______ compared to the discount a. higher b. lower c. equal d. comparable Objective: Analyze how the money multiplier effect facilitates the creation of money. 17. If the multiplier effect is 4, a $15 billion increase in government expenditures will shift the AD curve   a. to the right by $15 billion b. to the left by $15 billion c. to the right by $60 billion d. to the left by $60 billion 18. Suppose the money multiplier in the U. S. s 4. If the Federal Reserve wants to expand the money supply by 600 it should:   a. buy government securities worth 150. b. buy government securities worth 600. c. sell government securities worth 150. d. sell government securities worth 600. Week Four: Fiscal Policy: Politics, Deficits, and Debt Objective: Analyze the influence of deficit, surplus, and debt on the health of the U. S. macroeconomy. 19. When the government runs a deficit, it will a. buy bonds to finance the deficit b. sell bonds to finance the deficit c. reduce the money supply to finance the deficit d. raise taxes immediately 0. Deficits may be desirable in the short run if they a. help to stabilize the economy when the economy falls below potential output b. increase savings necessary for future investment and growth c. increase savings necessary for future consumption and demand d. help to stabilize the economy when the economy is above potential output 21. The structural deficit a. rises as the economy expands and falls when it contracts b. falls as the economy expands and rises when it contracts c. changes as actual in come changes regardless of potential income d. oes not change when income changes, but changes only when potential income changes 22. Government debt is defined as a. a shortfall of incoming revenue under outgoing payment b. a shortfall of outgoing payments under incoming revenue c. accumulated deficits minus accumulated surpluses d. accumulated deficits plus accumulated surpluses Week Five: International Trade and Finance Objective: Analyze the effects of international trade on the U. S. macroeconomy. 23. According to comparative advantage, specialization means that a country is producing the goods   a. that it wants to consume b. or which it has a relatively high opportunity cost c. for which it has a relatively low opportunity cost d. that it can produce at zero cost 24. Globalization represents a. a return to isolationism b. the opposite of isolationism c. the economic complement of political isolationism d. the political complement of economic isolationism 25. If the U. S. wa nts to strengthen the value of the dollar, it should use a. contractionary fiscal policy b. expansionary fiscal policy c. contractionary monetary policy d. expansionary monetary policy 26. Which of the following would most likely cause an increase in the upply of dollars? a. An expansionary fiscal policy that raised U. S. income and increased U. S. imports b. An expansionary fiscal policy that raised U. S. income and reduced U. S. imports c. A contractionary fiscal policy that reduced U. S. income and lowered U. S. imports d. A contractionary fiscal policy that reduced U. S. income and increased U. S. imports Objective: Explain how foreign exchange rates are determined. 27. Suppose a basket of goods costs 60,000 pesos in Mexico. If, at the existing exchange rate, it costs less than 60,000 pesos to buy the same basket of goods in the U.S. , then purchasing power parity implies that the a. dollar is overvalue b. peso is undervalue c. dollar should cost fewer pesos d. dollar should cos t more pesos 28. If a basket of goods costs $10 in the U. S. and 100,000 rubles in Russia, then purchasing power parity will exist if the exchange rate between the ruble and the dollar is   a. 1,000 rubles per dollar b. 10,000 rubles per dollar c. 0. 01 dollars per ruble d. 0. 1 dollars per ruble Objective: Analyze the impact of trade restrictions, tariffs, and quotas on the U. S. macroeconomy. 29. A quota differs from a tariff in that quotas a. imit the volume of imports more than tariffs b. do not increase the price of imports as much as tariffs c. do not generate tax revenues, unlike tariffs d. reduce consumer welfare more than tariffs 30. Threats to put tariffs on a nation in an attempt to get that nation to reduce its restrictions on trade are called: a. strategic trade policies b. trade adjustment assistance programs c. learning by doing d. inertia and cachet Answer Key 1. b 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. b 8. b 9. b 10. b 11. a 12. b 13. c 14. a 15. a 16. b 17. c 18. a 19. b 2 0. a 21. d 22. c 23. c 24. b 25. c 26. a 27. d 28. b 29. c 30. a